Dust in cities is a global health risk factor associated with respiratory disease. Dust particles contain heavy metals and may adsorb bacteria and viruses. Dust is deposited and accumulates as sediment on surfaces in urban environments. Dust deposits contain both natural (soil, peat, mineral inclusions) and anthropogenic materials (wear particles of tires, brake pads, asphalt, dust from construction sites). The respirable dust particles < 50 µm in size (PM2.5 and PM10) are transported to the atmosphere in the breath zone during urban dust storms in spring and autumn seasons. Sediment represents a non-point and secondary source of urban pollution. The total amount of dust and dirt sediments in the residential areas of Russian cities reaches 3 kg/sq.m, including the dust fraction (< 100 microns) – 0.3 kg/sq.m. It is suggested to conduct a research aimed at determining the sources and causes of formation of dust and dirt sediments in cities in different natural climatic zones from the tropics to the Arctic.